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    • 专利摘要:
    mobile data center unit and shelf device. The present invention relates to a mobile data center unit (1) which is adapted to house a plurality of shelves (5) which are intended to provide storage space for IT equipment (6). the mobile data center unit (1) is equipped with a passive cooling medium and/or with active components (25) already present with the it equipment (6), in order to provide for the dissipation of the heat that is generated by the equipment it (6).
    公开号:BR112014002469B1
    申请号:R112014002469-3
    申请日:2012-07-03
    公开日:2021-09-08
    发明作者:Horst Stöcker；Volker Lindenstruth
    申请人:Gsi Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a mobile data center unit, which is adapted to house at least one shelf that is intended to provide storage space for electronic equipment. The mobile data center unit is equipped with a cooling means in order to provide the dissipation of heat that is generated by the electronic equipment.
    [0002] In the prior art, there are several data center building structures to house a multiplicity of shelves, each of which comprises storage space for an electronic equipment.
    [0003] Conventional data centers are more typically buildings that comprise a false floor for a computer infrastructure, which is typically housed in 48cm shelf enclosures. Cooling is provided by cold air, which is pumped into the false floors with holes in appropriate places in front of the shelves. In this way, cold air is provided at the computer shelves' air intakes.
    [0004] A typical conventional data center construction according to the state of the art is shown in Figure 1 of patent document WO 2010/000440. This conventional design is somewhat disadvantageous because the single shelves have to be designed as closed shelves and the airflow through the respective shelves has to be monitored and controlled in order to avoid pumping unnecessary amounts of cold air from the cold aisle . There are several concepts, providing a regulation of the air flow in the cold aisle, in such a way that the fans that provide the air flow operate at the lowest possible power. The hot air generated by the equipment inside the shelf is fed back to heat exchangers that are located elsewhere in the data center building. The heated air is cooled again or fresh air is used to provide a stream of cool air.
    [0005] In addition to the typical conventional data center construction according to the state of the art, patent document WO 2010/000440 presents a new lower energy consumption architecture for multi-storey computer data centers when using a medium cooling system for dissipating the heat that is generated by the IT equipment. The so-called Gree-IT concept presented by patent document WO 20101000440 allows the reduction of energy consumption for cooling purposes. Conventional data centers often require 50% or more of their power consumption from electronic components for cooling purposes. The new cooling concept of patent document WO 2010/000440 allows data centers that require less than 10% (PUE < 1.1; where "PUE" refers to "Energy Use Efficiency" and is calculated by PUE = total power of the installation/power of the IT equipment) of its energy for refrigeration.
    [0006] The stationary multi-storey computer data center of patent document WO 2010/000440 becomes a kind of milestone for the Green-IT concepts to follow, as there is constant development for data centers of lower energy consumption. However, stationary computer data centers require a constant demand for such centers and are therefore considered as long term investments. Quite often, however, there is only a temporary demand for computer power, or a demand for computer power unexpectedly increases within a short period of time. Therefore, there is a great need for mobile data center containers, which can be easily installed in the close vicinity and contain their own infrastructure so that they can be "plugged in" where stationary computer data centers are small in size and /or there is only a temporary need for computing power.
    [0007] The present invention tries to provide such a mobile data center unit.
    [0008] Therefore, a mobile data center unit comprising: (i) at least one container, (ii) wherein at least one container comprises at least one shelf to house electronic equipment, (iii) in that at least one shelf comprises at least one heat exchange means that is adapted to transfer heat generated by electronic equipment to be contained within the shelf to a fluid refrigerant, wherein said heat exchange means is located in at least a wall or element of at least one shelf, (iv) at least one refrigerant conduit which is adapted to provide the heat exchange means of at least one shelf with a fluid refrigerant and also adapted to drive away the heated refrigerant through a reflux section of the refrigerant conduit, (v) a connecting means for connecting at least one refrigerant conduit to at least one external heat exchange device, (vi) wherein at least one said to The shelf is designed and arranged in such a way that the internal airflow within the shelf is predominantly provided by passive means and/or by means independent of the shelf.
    [0009] The present mobile data center unit can provide a mobile data center unit, in particular a container and/or a plurality of containers, avoiding the need to guide the cooling air through the shelves through special air vents .In addition, the currently suggested mobile data center unit allows to optimize energy and cost requirements and/or allows to arrange computer shelves more densely in order to minimize the required lengths of network cables and to improve the capabilities of system communication.
    [00010] The currently suggested mobile data center unit can provide a compact structure of a data center unit comprising larger scalable storage capacities and/or a greater volume of storage. According to an additional aspect of the currently suggested mobile data center unit, more than one of the individual mobile data center units, such as containers, can be arranged in a set, for example, by arranging and/or stacking the units /containers in two or three dimensions. Under such a modality, there is no need for each mobile data center unit/container to have its own chiller (or a different type of external heat exchanger device to cool the fluid refrigerant), because the refrigerant conduits/ refrigerant circuits can simply be expanded by an additional mobile data center unit/container by using the chiller (or a different type of external heat exchange device) of an adjacent container that has a chiller (external heat exchange device) .
    [00011] In addition, the currently suggested mobile data center unit can provide a data center unit, in particular a container, with an increased storage compactness or density for electronic equipment such as electronic power components, IT equipment and/or computer hardware, which provides sufficient heat dissipation, which can even exceed a volumetric heat dissipation rate of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 kW per m3. For practical reasons, the volumetric heat dissipation rate typically does not exceed 8 kW per m3.
    [00012] In particular, it is possible that at least one shelf of the currently suggested mobile data center unit comprises electronic equipment, in particular power electronics, IT equipment and/or computer equipment. However, in principle all types of equipment can be stored on one shelf or a plurality of shelves of the mobile data center unit. In particular, even equipment producing a significant amount of (waste) heat can be stored within a shelf or a plurality of shelves.
    [00013] Unit:
    [00014] According to a preferred embodiment of the mobile data center unit, the unit comprises a container or even comprises a plurality of containers. Preferably such a container is the size of a container in accordance with accepted standards which can preferably be transported, loaded and unloaded, stacked and transported efficiently over long distances by ships, trains, trucks, semi-trailer trucks or aircraft . As an example, common ISO containers can be used for this. The most preferred containers are 20 ft (6.1 m), 40 ft (12.2 m), 45 ft (13.7 m), 48 ft (14.6 m), and 53 ft (16.2 m). m) in length. Width typically ranges from 10 feet (3.0 m) to 8 feet (2.4 m) and height is typically 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 m). However, different types of (standardized) containers can also be used. To cite just a few examples: UIC containers (where UIC refers to Union Internationale de Chemin de Fer), CC Containers (a container system widely used in Europe), river barge containers (optimized for Europool pallets; common in Europe; ), air freight containers, transport containers for easy collection and delivery with trucks, can be advantageously used.
    [00015] The container or plurality of containers may have a central electrical power input, which is located preferably on the outside of the container, to supply electricity to the computer hardware, and a means to distribute electrical power within the container. from central power input to individual shelves.
    [00016] Shelves:
    [00017] Typically, shelves are ordinary 48cm shelf wrappings. In a preferred embodiment, the shelves are high shelves which are particularly space-saving. Shelves can be placed on the bottom floor of the container. Pipes and/or cable trays can be mounted above, below and/or on the back side of the shelves (preferably in a raised and/or low position on the back side of the shelf). Naturally, cable ducts can also be provided, in particular above, below and/or on the back side of the shelves (preferably in a high and/or low position on the back side of the shelf). According to a further preferred embodiment, the shelves are connected to the container through damping means, thereby protecting the shelves and any associated/connected means, such as heat exchange means and refrigerant piping, against vibration and shock during transport and assembly.
    [00018] Preferably, in the currently suggested mobile data center unit, at least one heat exchange means is arranged, at least in part, on the rear wall of at least one shelf and/or at least one shelf is drawn, at least in part like an open shelf. The term "open" in relation to present shelves may mean that the front of the shelves is (partially) open and allows equipment within the shelf to inhale room air without or at least with reduced resistance to flow. As an example, a front door may be completely absent, at least for a certain range of shelf height. It is also possible to have a fluidly open front door, for example a reticle door, which allows air to flow through without substantial resistance to flow.
    [00019] Another possible advantage of the shelf-based heat exchange medium is that the shelves themselves do not have to be kept closed and that the airflow in and out of the shelves no longer has to be guided in a controlled manner ( for example, by providing channels and/or air vents). As an added benefit, within the data center container, additional air conditioners are not necessarily required, as the cooling function can be completely taken over by the heat exchange medium inside the shelves, at least on average. . By the suggested performance "on average time" it is possible, for example, to operate the electronic equipment contained in a "fast march" mode for a limited time span (typically of the order of several minutes). During this length of time, it is possible for the inside of the container to be at an elevated temperature for a certain amount. If, however, after this "fast running" time interval a compensation time interval is started, during which the electronic equipment is operated in a mode, generating less waste heat (compared to the amount of heat that can be absorbed by the heat exchange medium), the temperature inside the container can be brought back to "normal".
    [00020] At least one shelf of the currently suggested mobile data center unit is designed and arranged in such a way that the internal airflow within the shelf is at least partly and/or at least sometimes predominantly provided by passive and /or by means independent of the shelf. As an example for a "passive medium", a chimney effect can be used due to the heating of the air inside the shelf by the residual heat from the components disposed within the shelf. The authors of the present invention have surprisingly found that such a chimney effect can be sufficient to generate a sufficiently strong air current, even (or particularly when) equipment, which generates a significant amount of waste heat, is stored within the fur. minus a shelf. In particular, at least one shelf can be designed and arranged in such a way that a heat dissipation rate of at least 1 kW, preferably at least 5 kW, even more preferably at least 10 kW, in particular at least. minus 15 kW per shelf can be manipulated. The drawing can relate in particular to the dimensions of at least one heat exchange means arranged on at least one wall or element of at least one shelf. However, the design can be related to the size of internal spaces to allow air to pass through and/or to the passage that is provided for the air flow, for example. In particular, it is possible that the shelf itself has no other means, in particular no fan, for creating a flow of air from the shelf to the heat exchange medium.
    [00021] It is possible, however, that the internal airflow within at least one shelf is provided at least sometimes and/or at least in part by active means of at least a part of the electronic equipment to be contained in the shelf. As an example, if IT equipment is arranged on respective shelves, such IT equipment typically has active means, such as fans, to cool parts of the IT equipment. As a well-known example, the IT equipment's CPU and/or GPU and/or memory banks and/or storage hardware are typically already equipped with a cooling fan. Preferably, such active means which are provided for cooling parts of the IT equipment can create at least a part (a certain part or even a significant part) of an airflow in the shelf to the heat exchange medium which is located in at least one wall or element of at least one shelf.
    [00022] Due to the unique design, the currently suggested mobile data center unit does not necessarily require false floors and cold aisle arrangements or designs.
    [00023] It is preferable to use a design for the mobile data center unit, wherein at least one of the heat exchange means is designed at least in part as an air flow penetrable heat exchange medium. Typically, such an air-flow penetrable heat exchange medium can be designed in such a way that a large contact surface with the air flowing through the heat exchange medium can be provided, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the heat exchange medium. In particular, the heat exchange medium (in particular the air-flow penetrable heat exchange medium) can be designed with corrugated ribs to further increase the contact surface available for the air passing through. More preferred are heat exchangers having a depth of between 50 mm and 80 mm, in particular of about 65 mm which only cause very low air back pressure while still having a high efficiency. Therefore, the hot coming out of the electronic equipment on the shelves can pass through the entire heat exchanger on its own.
    [00024] Heat exchange medium:
    [00025] At least one shelf of the currently suggested mobile data center unit may comprise at least one heat exchange means, located in at least one wall or element of at least one shelf. In particular, at least one heat exchange means can be located on an outer wall of at least one shelf, preferably on a rear wall (back wall) and/or top wall of the shelf. Even more preferably, the rear wall (side wall) of the shelf may comprise hinges in such a way as to have the functionality of some kind of a hinged door.
    [00026] According to the currently suggested mobile data center unit, the dimensions of the heat exchangers are chosen with a size such that they are able to remove all the heat generated by the electronic equipment to be stored inside the shelf (for example, power electronic components, IT equipment and/or computer hardware) at least on average. An implementation according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the currently suggested mobile data center unit can support up to 35 kW of cooling power per shelf. With this, it can be ensured that no heat is released into the data center. The air entering the shelves, typically from the front side, and the air leaving the shelves, typically from the rear side, generally have the same or essentially the same temperature and substantially all the heat generated can be removed by the heat exchanger and the coolant.
    [00027] In addition, the heat exchange medium can directly receive the hot air generated by the electronic equipment to be stored inside the shelf and can cool this hot air to a desired ambient temperature simply by transferring the heat to the refrigerant inside the duct of soda. In this way, any release and/or directing of hot air inside the data center container can be avoided.
    [00028] In addition, the distance that hot or heated air travels can be reduced to a minimum. Normally, it is only necessary to transport the heated air inside the shelf, in particular from electronic equipment to the heat exchange medium. In this way, any difficult-to-control turbulent airflow can normally be impeded.
    [00029] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the shelves and/or heat exchange means themselves do not comprise any active means, such as fans, to guide the heat/hot air from the electronic equipment to the surface of the heat exchange medium. The relatively low, laminar airflow that is established by passive means and/or obtained from active cooling means of electronic equipment (eg, CPU cooling fans and/or GPU cooling fans) within the particular shelf typically allows to avoid additional fans and allows to avoid any additional fan power consumption.
    [00030] Depending on the refrigerant flow and the airflow within the shelf, refrigeration capacities of up to 35 kW or 40 kW per 48cm shelf can be obtained. For shelves that exceed the aforementioned size, refrigeration capacities can be even higher.
    [00031] Refrigerant Conduit/Cooling Circuit:
    [00032] The heat exchange means of the shelves are preferably connected to a refrigerant conduit that supplies fluid, preferably liquid refrigerant, to each of the heat exchange means, for example, through a piping system. When the mobile data center unit is configured in an operational mode, the refrigerant conduits are typically connected with other piping to form closed refrigeration circuits. Of course, it is possible to design the system in such a way that at least sometimes at least a part of a liquid refrigerant evaporates within the heat exchange medium, so that the latent heat consumed by evaporation can also be used for refrigeration purposes. .
    [00033] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the refrigerant conduit comprises a piping system to distance the refrigerant from the heat exchange medium. The use of a liquid refrigerant such as water and other suitable cooling fluids, in particular with thermal capacities greater than air, is often advantageous for a number of reasons. In the beginning, the total amount of heat that can be transferred and transported is typically, compared to gaseous refrigerants, much greater. Second, it is possible to more easily control and monitor the flow and transmission of the refrigerant, compared to a typically at least partially turbulent flow of a gaseous refrigerant. Thirdly, the cross sections to be provided for a stream of refrigerant can normally be kept comparatively small.
    [00034] In addition, it is recommended that the refrigerant be conducted within at least a part of a refrigerant conduit, which may contain water or any other liquid that has a comparably high thermal capacity, with a pressure lower than 200 kPa , in particular lower than atmospheric pressure. Based on this, the risk of fractures in the refrigerant conduit system, and thus the risk of leakage, can be kept comparatively small. Furthermore, at such comparatively low pressure, the fluid is not normally escaping as a well-developed jet, so that even in the case of a leak, adverse effects can be better controlled and/or minimized. If the pressure used is below atmospheric pressure, it is even possible that minor cracks in the piping system will not cause an immediate loss of refrigerant outside the piping system.
    [00035] It is also suggested to provide the refrigerant conduit with at least one safety barrier, designed and arranged in a way to prevent any liquid (or fluid), in particular any leakage fluid and/or any condensing liquid, contact the electronic equipment. For this, guide sheets, grooves, cavities and/or sinks can be provided, which can even be designed in a way to collect a liquid. In any case, it is possible to prevent such liquid (eg leakage liquid/condensing liquid) from coming into contact with electronic equipment (eg computer hardware). At least a part of the piping can be arranged on the outer surface of the respective shelf wall (for example, the shelf back door), which can protect the electronic equipment from splashing water by means of a fine granular structure of heat exchanger (eg by providing closely spaced corrugated ribs).
    [00036] Additionally and/or alternatively, at least one sensing means to detect and/or monitor the pressure in the refrigerant conduit may be provided. In this way, it is possible to detect any leakage in the piping system and preferably to set an alarm, thereby allowing to take the appropriate measures against such leakage. In case of a low pressure system, the pumps can be stopped.
    [00037] Furthermore, according to typical modalities of the currently suggested mobile data center unit, no insulation of the piping system is required, as the ambient temperature more or less corresponds to the return temperature of cold refrigerant fluid (eg water). The absence of any hot air inside the container room allows for ambient temperatures of 20°C or something like that. Therefore, there is little or no risk of condensation.
    [00038] The heat exchange means can be disposed within or in the direct vicinity of a shelf and/or preferably adapted to transfer all the heat generated within the shelf to the refrigerant. Therefore, the heat exchange means of each shelf to be refrigerated can provide a heat coupling between the refrigerant provided and the internal volume of the shelf. The heat exchange medium is typically located on the back/back side of the shelf.
    [00039] In summary, the mobile data center unit/container comprises a refrigerant conduit to discharge the heat generated by the electronic equipment. Typically, the refrigerant conduit is designed to provide the shelves with a refrigerant, and the refrigerant conduit can be designed to remove the refrigerant heated by computer hardware from the shelves.
    [00040] Furthermore, the refrigerant conduit can be provided with a connecting means for connecting at least one refrigerant conduit to at least one external heat exchange device. As a means of connection, essentially all devices known in the prior art can be used. In particular, threaded nuts, threaded pipe ends and flanges can be used for this purpose. Preferably, however, quick connect connectors can be used so that configuration and compaction away from the components of the mobile data center unit is easier for the user.
    [00041] External heat exchange device/Cooler:
    [00042] The mobile data center unit can be connected (or can even comprise) at least one external heat exchange device. As an external heat exchange device, at least a chiller, preferably a water chiller and/or a hybrid refrigeration device can be used. Typically, the external heat exchange device will be located outside the respective unit (container) to cool the heated refrigerant during the operation of the mobile data center unit, and the means for conducting the heated refrigerant to the external heat exchange device will be provided. However, in particular when the mobile data center unit is compacted or transported, it is possible for a part of at least one heat exchange device to be stored at least away in at least one container.
    [00043] Preferably, at least parts of at least one refrigerant conduit and/or at least parts of additional means for conducting the refrigerant are designed as flexible means and/or comprise metal, steel, stainless steel and/or polymer materials synthetic organics. In particular, metal tubes can become flexible if they are designed as corrugated tubes.
    [00044] Preferably, at least one external heat exchange device (eg a cooler) is attached directly to the unit or container. For transport, it is possible to reversibly remove such external heat exchanger/cooler.
    [00045] The chiller is most typically a counter-flow indirect aspirated wet cooling tower, in which water is sprayed from the top of a column and cooled by evaporating some of the water, whereas water that does not evaporate can be collected below. In order to avoid contamination of the interior of the container (and thus possibly of the electronic equipment inside the container), a first refrigeration circuit (which is normally arranged on the outside of the container and where a part of the main refrigeration circuit can being formed in the cooler) is separated from a second refrigeration circuit (which is partially located within the container), according to a preferred embodiment. In this case, the first and second cooling circuits can be thermally connected via a heat exchanger. To increase system reliability, typically two redundant heat exchangers are used. By this modality, any contamination of the main refrigeration circuit (which may be contaminated by air particles such as pollen) can be prevented from being transferred to the second refrigeration circuit (partially) inside the container. The necessary heat exchangers and pumps are normally placed inside the container.
    [00046] Depending on the ambient climate, in some geographic areas common water coolers can cause problems, for example during very cold/frozen periods and/or when the mobile data center unit is not permanently in operation. In such cases it is preferable to use so-called hybrid cooling towers instead. More typically, such hybrid coolers comprise plate heat exchangers through which the heated refrigerant is flowing and are cooled by ambient air. An example for a hybrid cooler is shown in U.S. Patent No. 7,864,530.
    [00047] To increase the cooling capacity in summer, it is possible to sprinkle water on the surface of the plate heat exchanger and use evaporation cooling of such water. Since these hybrid cooling towers include a heat exchanger, no additional heat exchanger is required. However, cooling water typically requires additives such as glycol to prevent it from freezing.
    [00048] In addition, the chiller (or another type of external heat exchanger) may have a means to conduct liquid refrigerant from the chiller to and from the respective connecting means of the mobile data center unit. Typically, such means are pipes, preferably they are flexible and/or made of different materials such as steel, stainless steel and/or synthetic organic polymer materials.
    [00049] Electronic equipment fans:
    [00050] The mobile data center unit/container contains at least one shelf to house electronic equipment or preferably already house the electronic equipment. Such equipment located on shelves normally comprises active means, such as fans, to cool the respective equipment (or parts thereof). Said active means, preferably fans, are preferably embedded in such a way that the active means, such as cooling fans, provide or at least support an air flow through the shelf (for example, from the front of the equipment to its back), thereby removing the heat generated by the electronic equipment by heating the air flowing past the electronic equipment. This airflow already present can be used to create and/or support and/or maintain an airflow through the shelf. The air, exiting the shelf, can be cooled by placing the heat exchanger in the vicinity of the airflow outlet opening (eg at the back of the shelves). Heat exchangers can be designed in such a way that they generate very little back pressure so that back pressure does not present a problem in the case where generic electronic equipment is contained in the racks. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an air flow of 3000 m3/h generates a back pressure of less than 20 Pa.
    [00051] In particular, since the heat exchange medium normally comprises a rather large surface, the relatively slow and laminar air stream obtained from passive means and/or active means of electronic equipment (e.g., cooling fans of CPU) inside the particular shelf allows to avoid additional fans and allows to avoid any additional fan power consumption.
    [00052] General System:
    [00053] The present invention is preferably based on a complete shelf specific refrigeration system within the (elevated) shelf arrangement and a transport mechanism in order to avoid the problem of how to provide and control a flow of refrigerant air through the center of entire data. Furthermore, the refrigerant conduit typically only requires little installation space, thereby reducing the volume required for the data center.
    [00054] More typically, most or even all of the computer hardware racks are individually connected to the refrigerant conduit, which provides an efficient instrument for removing and discharging heat from the computer hardware.
    [00055] The coupling of each shelf to be cooled individually to the refrigerant conduit (in particular as a separate parallel fluid passage in relation to other fluid passages) can have the additional advantage that it is possible to control and monitor the cooling power and heat exchange performance individually and separately for each individual shelf within the data center fabric. Cooling the hot air exclusively inside the shelf makes it possible to install any densities of the shelf assembly without requiring a special airflow design, such as cold aisles or hot aisles.
    [00056] Based on this separate and individual refrigeration infrastructure, it is possible to arrange the shelves within the container as needed and even rearrange the shelf arrangement depending on individual needs.
    [00057] In addition, the currently proposed refrigeration system allows using a so-called open-shelf architecture which ensures that shelves no longer need to be hermetically sealed. Such an open shelf structure also allows for easier access to computer hardware within the shelf in case of any problems or necessary maintenance. In addition, monitoring of electronic equipment stored inside the shelves can be carried out more easily. Due to the low pressure difference across the heat exchanger, the openings that are normally present with standard shelves (eg openings for the passage of cables) are not significantly disturbing the internal airflow of the respective shelf.
    [00058] Another preferred embodiment of the currently suggested mobile data center unit can be realized if at least some or all of the shelves comprise at least one control means, preferably at least one switching control means, which is adapted to selectively turn off the hardware, the shelf and/or the relevant part of the refrigerant conduit and/or if at least some or all of the shelves comprise at least one monitoring control means, which comprises at least one leak detector for the conduit of refrigerant and/or at least one smoke detector. In this way, the entire system can adapt locally to local system failures and can automatically initiate the corresponding actions in order to compensate for the failure.
    [00059] According to another modality, the control means also comprise temperature sensors, leak detectors for the refrigerant conduit and/or smoke detectors, whereby said detectors can be coupled to an alarm system of which is adapted to selectively shut down the hardware, the shelf and/or the relevant part of the refrigerant conduit.
    [00060] The emergency system can be designed and arranged on any of said shelves individually and can be designed and disposed separately from an emergency system of neighboring or adjacent shelves. Smoke and leak detectors can be installed separately and independently of each other in order to individually turn off burning or smoke from IT equipment and be able to maintain all other data center operations. Alternatively, the use of a combination of individual detectors and/or the use of a multifunctional detector may be considered.
    [00061] It is preferable that the mobile data center unit comprises at least one regulation control means, regulating the functionality of at least one heat exchange means and/or at least one external heat exchange device and/or at least a part of at least one fluid conduit. The heat exchange medium can be an internal heat exchange medium (in particular the heat exchange medium of at least one shelf).
    [00062] A control can be performed, for example, by varying the speed of at least one pump to circulate the coolant (thus influencing the coolant flow) and/or by varying the speed of at least one fan (for example, a cooling fan) of an external heat exchange medium such as a chiller (water). In addition, the amount of water sprinkled on a cooler can also be varied by means of the regulation control.
    [00063] According to an additional embodiment, the shelves also comprise power programming means that are adapted to maintain a total input electrical current below a predefined threshold. This mode is adapted to prevent the entire data center from extracting an amount of energy that cannot be provided by an external power supply. Therefore, the energy programming means are adapted to regulate so that each shelf or a pair/group of shelves draws energy from an electrical current source or a voltage source in accordance with a certain worksheet.
    [00064] For example, a first shelf can be activated after a certain time delay relative to any other shelf in the data center. In this way, the peak power consumption of the entire data center can be kept below a predefined threshold, thereby ensuring that the external power supply is not interrupted. The power scheduling means can either be implemented either as a specific algorithm that assigns an individual predefined time delay, thereby differently, to any of the shelves of the data center building.
    [00065] Alternatively, it is also possible for a switching power of the various shelves to be controlled via a centralized architecture. However, an interconnected emergency system is also included in the scope of the present invention, whereby a multiplicity of leak detectors and/or smoke detectors is electrically coupled to a central emergency system, which can automatically initiate the respective actions in order to neutralize a system failure.
    [00066] According to another preferred embodiment, the data center also comprises at least one additional cooling circuit, for example, a second cooling circuit, which comprises the same main structure as the first cooling circuit that assumes the task of the first refrigeration circuit in case of any leakage or other problem.
    [00067] According to yet another preferred embodiment, all pumps in the mobile data center unit have a redundant standby pump, which can be activated in case of a main pump failure. Appropriate crossover valves allow replacement of a broken pump while the system is still running.
    [00068] The preferred embodiment's compact architecture allows operation of the mobile data center unit at relatively high ambient temperatures. Such higher fluid coolant temperatures allow for more efficient cooling. In the case where the refrigerant temperature approaches 30°C (in particular in the reflux line of the refrigerant conduit, i.e. after the refrigerant is heated by the waste heat), the heat accumulated from the computer hardware can be used to heating purposes.
    [00069] According to an additional modality, the mobile data center container can have an additional steel support structure, preferably a double T-beam structure, to increase the stability of the container and/or to serve as a support for computer hardware shelves. Furthermore, such steel support structure can also serve as a guide and support structure for an elevator device, being adapted to transport and lift entire shelves or to support the handling of heavier computer hardware items.
    [00070] Cooling Efficiency:
    [00071] According to another preferred embodiment of the mobile data center unit, a standard 12m container with 3m width is equipped with a minimum of 13 shelves of 48cm, which operate at 20 kW each. The total power of 260 kW is cooled by a hybrid refrigerant. The water pump requires 14 kW and the hybrid refrigerant requires an additional 4 kW if the outside temperature is above a certain margin (eg 15°C), which results in an energy utility efficiency PUE = 1.06 . This efficiency is further improved if each shelf has a power density of more than 20 kW up to 35 kW.
    [00072] Furthermore, a shelf device is suggested, in particular a shelf, for housing the electronic equipment, wherein (i) the shelf device comprises a storage space for the electronic equipment and (ii) at least one means a heat exchanger is provided, which is adapted to transfer heat generated by electronic equipment to be contained within the shelf to a fluid refrigerant, wherein said heat exchanger is located in at least one wall or fur element. minus one shelf, (iii) at least one refrigerant conduit which is adapted to provide the heat exchange means of at least one shelf with a fluid refrigerant and is also adapted to conduct the heated refrigerant through a reflux section of the conduit of refrigerant, (iv) wherein at least one said shelf is designed and arranged in such a way that the internal air flow within the shelf is predominantly provided by passive means and/or u by means independent of the shelf.
    [00073] The currently suggested shelf can have at least any of the quirks, features and advantages as described previously, at least in analogy. Furthermore, it can also be modified in the sense described previously. In this way, the same features and advantages can also be obtained with the shelf, at least in analogy.
    [00074] In particular, the suggested shelf can be used to contain electronic components with substantial heat dissipation. In particular, the figures already described for heat dissipation are also applicable in the present context.
    [00075] However, the currently suggested shelf can be used on a more universal level. In particular, its use is restricted not only to mobile data center units. Instead, the shelf can also be used for different purposes, such as for stationary constructions. In particular, the currently suggested shelf cannot be used solely for retrofitting existing data center buildings. Instead, it is usually even possible to "convert" existing builds that serve a different purpose to data center builds, when using the currently suggested shelf. This is because the currently suggested shelf does not need a special infrastructure to be supplied by the building. Instead, normally standard rooms (perhaps equipped with some form of air conditioning) can be used if the currently suggested shelf is employed.
    [00076] The scope of protection may also include a data center container that is suitable to house at least one of the shelves mentioned above, which are equipped with electronic equipment, in particular electronic equipment with a high heat dissipation, such as electronic storage equipment, or which can be equipped with electronic equipment for a data center in accordance with the above-mentioned characteristics. The data center container may comprise a central electrical power input, preferably located on the outside of the container, and a means for distributing the central electrical power from the central power input to the individual shelves. The power density of computer hardware on the shelves here can exceed up to 35 or 40 kW, but be at least greater than 5, 10 or 15 kW.
    [00077] In the following, the invention will be described in detail by referring to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates a mobile data center unit according to the present invention; Figure 2 schematically illustrates an example of a data center unit comprising a container for the shelves and an external refrigeration device, i.e. a chiller; Figure 3 schematically illustrates an example of a larger data center comprising two containers with shelves and additional components and a single chiller; Figure 4 schematically illustrates a container and cooler on a mobile device, for example a truck.
    [00078] In Figure 1, a container 1 is illustrated that can be part of a mobile computing center 2, 3, 4 (mobile data center unit; see also Figs. 2, 3 and 4). The currently illustrated embodiment of a container 1 comprises a plurality of shelves 5 which are provided with an internal space to contain the electronic components 6 (currently shown only schematically), for example IT equipment or other types of computer equipment such as the equipment to a data center server or a data center storage unit. In the embodiment currently described, either of the shelves 5 comprises a separate heat exchanger unit (heat exchange means) 7 wherein each of the heat exchanger units 7 currently comprises three heat exchangers 8 which are arranged fluidly in series. Furthermore, the heat exchange unit 7 is joined to a door 9 which can be reversibly swung open or closed. For this, the door 9 is joined to hinges (not currently shown), and the fluid connection lines 10 for feeding the heat exchange units 7 are designed flexible. The fluid connecting lines 10 are forming a connection between the piping system 11 and the heat exchange units 7. In the embodiment currently shown, the liquid is used as a refrigerant, so the heat exchange units 7 are operating with a liquid refrigerant to cool the air flow 12, entering the respective heat exchange unit 7.
    [00079] Due to the mobile concept of container 1, shelves 5 are mounted on buffers 32 inside container 1.
    [00080] As can be seen from Fig. 1, the shelves 5 and/or the heat exchange units 7 do not comprise any active means to generate/support an air flow 12 through the respective shelf 5. Instead of this, the airflow is partly provided by passive means (eg a height difference between the air inlet port, where the airflow 12 enters the shelf 5 and the air outlet port (which currently fall down together with the heat exchange unit 7), where the air flow 12 exits the shelf 5). Another part of the air flow is provided by active means (eg cooling fans 25) of the electronic components 6, contained in the respective shelf 5.
    [00081] Using a fluid refrigerant (provided by means of a piping system 10, 11) in combination with the currently proposed system is particularly beneficial, as the various shelves 5 can be designed to be thermally passive with respect to the environment inside of container 1 (ie, no residual heat is dissipated inside container 1). In addition, shelves 5 no longer have to be designed as closed shelves 5, which can facilitate monitoring and replacement of electronics 6. Furthermore, since the temperature of electronics 6 and/or current of air 12 is comparatively low, even after passing the electronics 6, the heat dissipation to the outside of the various shelves 5 (eg through the walls of the shelf 5) can be effectively reduced to a minimum value. In this way, it is no longer necessary to control a global airflow within container type 1 (or other type of building structure). In particular, special channels to provide and remove cold and hot air, respectively, are no longer needed. Thereby, the generation of hot spots that can occur due to some uncontrolled hot air flow outside the shelves 5 can be effectively reduced or even avoided.
    [00082] Furthermore, the airflow through the entire container 1 (data center building structure) no longer has to be actively controlled, since the ambient temperature around shelves 5 is kept at a relatively cool level compared to the temperature inside the shelves 5.
    [00083] In order to implement a greater fault tolerance of the refrigeration infrastructure, shelves 5 can be operated in an even/odd way, where each second shelf 5 is coupled to the same piping system 11, that is, both a first and a second internal piping system 11. In this way, a residual cooling capacity can be maintained, even in the event of a complete failure of one of the internal piping systems 11.
    [00084] In the embodiment currently shown, the piping system 11 is provided with some kind of a gutter 26. In the case of a fluid leak along a pipeline of the piping system 11, the fluid leak can be collected in the gutter 26 and be guided to a sewer system, for example.
    [00085] An advantage of this modality is that the electronic components 6 can be protected from coming into contact with the fluid. This is particularly advantageous if the fluid is a liquid, in particular if the fluid is a liquid that is electrically conducting at least partially. In this way the electronic components 6 can be protected against all damage.
    [00086] In addition, the chute 26 can be provided with the leak sensors 27. If one of the leak sensors 27 detects the presence of any fluid (liquid), an appropriate signal is sent to a control unit 28, for example , a small electronic computer. Of course, this control unit 28 can also be placed on one of the shelves 5.
    [00087] In the event of such a failure, for example, due to a leak in the fluid connection lines 10 and/or one of the heat exchangers 8 of a particular shelf 5, the respective shelf 5 can be selectively decoupled from the piping 11 by actively actuable valves 30 which are controlled by control device 28. This control function can be performed by control unit 28. Such uncoupled shelf 5 will typically add thermal energy to the interior of container 1 due to the heat exchange unit 7 disabled, thereby increasing the interior temperature of container 1. In a preferred embodiment, container 1 illustrated comprises at least 13 shelves. In the event of a single shelf 5 failure, this will increase the ambient temperature by less than 2°C, since the remaining heat exchangers 8 from the other shelves 5 are still operational and are cooling the defective shelf 5 through the exchange of air with the inside of the container 1.
    [00088] As an additional means of detecting a leak in the piping system 11, pressure transducers 31 are provided (see Fig. 2), which are electrically connected to a control unit 28.
    [00089] Since there is no need to guide any air through specially provided channels throughout the data center structure, the IT equipment/computer hardware racks 202 can be placed in any arbitrary arrangement very easily. .
    [00090] The rise in air temperature in the data center (ie inside container 1 and outside shelves 5) will eventually lead to an increase in the refrigerant temperature (refrigerant leaving heat exchangers 8), which in turn it increases the cooling efficiency of the external cooler 15 and/or the refrigerant circuit 17, 18.
    [00091] In an operational mode all the air exiting the computer hardware from a shelf 5 flows through the appropriate heat exchange unit 7 . Therefore, it is possible to detect overheating and burning inside the shelf 5 by detecting smoke in the air flow 12. For this, smoke detectors 29 are provided, which are also electrically coupled to the control unit 28. In the case of In such a failure, the main power to the electronics 6 on the defective shelf 5 can be cut off by the control unit 28, preferably after attempting a programmed emergency shutdown of the electronics 6 on the shelf 5. Normal computers do not have a load. of significant fire and therefore disconnection of main power will normally prevent a critical rise or escalation of the problem. Control over main power on a 5 shelf allows you to schedule the energizing event in order to limit input currents. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the individual shelves 5 set a schedule for energizing the computers.
    [00092] In Fig. 2, a first possible modality of a mobile computing center 2 is shown, using the suggested modality of a container 1 according to Fig. 1, in a schematic view. In an operational mode (as described), the mobile computing center 2 essentially comprises the container 1 with the electronic equipment 6 inside it, as well as the cooling tower 14. If the mobile computing center 1 is to be transported, container 1 and cooling tower 14 can be disconnected from each other, thereby forming two separately transportable sub-units. For easy connection between container 1 and cooling tower 14, fluid connectors 13 are provided for container 1 in the embodiment currently shown.
    [00093] Furthermore, according to the present embodiment of Fig. 2, the cooling tower 14 comprises a water cooler device 15, which is known in the prior art as such. Auxiliary components 24 connected to the water cooler device are provided. In particular, in the embodiment of Fig. 2, a fluid-fluid-heat exchanger 16 is provided. In this way, two separate refrigerant circuits 17, 18 are provided, i.e. a first refrigerant circuit 18 and a second refrigerant circuit 17. The two refrigerant circuits 17, 18 are fluidly separated from one another. However, they are thermally coupled via the fluid-fluid-heat exchanger 16. In this way, any fluid contamination within the first refrigeration circuit 18 can be prevented from being transferred to the fluid in the second refrigeration circuit 17. In addition Furthermore, it is possible to use different fluids for the respective refrigeration circuits 17, 18, so that one fluid can be chosen individually for each refrigeration circuit 17, 18, so that the respective fluid is better suited for the respective purpose. For the circulation of the respective fluid in the first and second refrigeration circuits 17, 18, two fluid pumps 19, 20 are provided. Preferably, the pumping rate of the two fluid pumps 19, 20 can be varied according to actual cooling demands and/or ambient conditions.
    [00094] In Fig. 3, a second embodiment of a mobile computing center 3 is illustrated. The mobile computing center 3 according to the currently shown embodiment is very similar to the mobile computing center 2 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. However, two containers 1 are currently used for Mobile Computing Center 3, so the total computing capacity of the resulting Mobile Computing Center 3 is significantly higher compared to a Mobile Computing Center 2 mode. according to Fig. 2. To reduce the total complexity of the mobile computing center 3, the two (second) refrigeration circuits 17 of the two containers 1 are connected in parallel to the common cooling tower 14, used to cool the fluid inside of the refrigeration circuits 17. "Parallel refrigeration circuits 17" means in the example currently shown that a single fluid line leaving and entering the cooling tower 14 is split and rejoined on two T-shaped connectors 21 to/from two individual second fluid circuits 17.
    [00095] In Fig. 4, finally, a modality of a mobile computing center 4 is shown in a transport state. In the mode currently shown, container 1 is loaded onto a trailer 23, while cooling tower 14 is loaded onto a truck 22. In this state, the water connection pipes between container 1 and cooling tower 14 are disconnected to facilitate transport from the mobile computing center 4. Example 1
    [00096] A mobile data center container that has a width of 3 m, a height of 2.9 m and a length of 12.2 m is equipped with 13 48cm shelves, each of which has an IT equipment that operates at 20 kW. The total power of 260 kW is cooled by a hybrid refrigerant. The water pump requires 14 kW and the hybrid refrigerant requires an additional 4 kW (if the outdoor temperature is above a certain limit, such as 15°C), which results in an energy utility efficiency PUE = 1.06. Example 2
    [00097] A mobile data center container that has a width of 3 m, a height of 2.9 m and a length of 12.2 m is equipped with 13 48cm shelves, each of which has an IT equipment that operates at 35 kW. The total power of 455 kW is cooled back by a hybrid refrigerant. The water pump requires 20 kW and the hybrid refrigerant requires an additional 5 kW, which results in an energy utility efficiency PUE = 1.05. The improved cooling efficiency is based on the higher efficiency of the shelf heat exchangers due to the higher internal temperatures at this point of operation. Reference number list 1 container 2 mobile computing center, mobile data center 3 mobile computing center, mobile data center 4 mobile computing center, mobile data center 5 shelf 6 electronics 7 heat exchange unit 8 heat exchanger 9 port 10 fluid connecting lines 11 piping system 12 air flow 13 fluid connectors 14 cooling tower 15 water cooler 16 fluid-fluid-heat exchanger 17 second fluid circuit 18 first fluid circuit 19 second fluid pump 20 first fluid pump 21 T-shaped connector 22 truck 23 trailer 24 auxiliary components 25 fan refrigeration 26 trough 27 leak sensor 28 control unit 29 smoke detector 30 actuable valve 31 pressure transducer 32 damped or
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4), which comprises: (i) at least one container (1), (ii) wherein at least one container (1) comprises a plurality of shelves (5) to house IT equipment (6), (iii) wherein the shelves (5) comprise heat exchange means (7, 8) which is adapted to transfer heat contained in an internal air flow (12) , where the internal air flow (12) has been heated by the IT equipment (6) to be contained within the shelves (5) for a liquid refrigerant, wherein said heat exchange means (7, 8) is located in fur. minus one wall or an element of the associated shelf (5), (iv) at least one refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18) which is adapted to provide heat exchange means (7, 8) of the shelves ( 5) with a liquid refrigerant and is further adapted to conduct the heated refrigerant through a reflux section of the refrigerant conduit, characterized in that (v) in which at least one device external heat exchange (14, 15, 16) outside at least one container (1) to cool the heated refrigerant during operation of the mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4), (vi) a means of connection (13) for connecting at least one refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18) to said at least one external heat exchange device (14, 15, 16) for conducting heated refrigerant from said exchange means of heat (7, 8) comprising by said shelves (5) to said at least one external heat exchange device (14, 15, 16) outside the at least one container (1), when the means of connection are connected, (vii) wherein for transporting the mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) the at least one container (1) and the at least one external heat exchange device (14 , 15, 16) are disconnectable from each other and are formed as two separate transportable sub-units, and (viii) wherein said shelves (5) are designed and arranged in a way that the flow of and internal air (12) within the shelves (5) is predominantly provided by a passive air flow generating means and/or by an active air flow generating means (25) from at least a part of the IT equipment (6) to be contained in the shelves (5), in which the heat exchange means (7, 8) are designed, at least in part, as penetrable heat exchange means, and, in which the shelves (5) are designed, at least in part as open shelves, so that it is not necessary to guide the cooled air through the shelves by additional fans, (ix) where an Energy Use Efficiency (PUE) of power for mobile data center cooling, which is calculated by PUE = total installation power/IT equipment power, is < 1.1.
    [0002]
    2. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Power Use Effectiveness (PUE) of the power for cooling the mobile data center, which is calculated by PUE = total installation power/IT equipment power, is < 1.06.
    [0003]
    3. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is equipped with 13 or more shelves, operating at 20 kW or more each, in which the Efficiency of the Power Use (PUE) of the power for cooling the mobile data center, which is calculated by PUE = total installation power/IT equipment power, is < 1.06.
    [0004]
    4. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (1) is the size of a container (1) according to accepted standards , which can preferably be transported, loaded and unloaded, stacked and transported efficiently over long distances by ship, train, trucks (22), semitrailer type trucks (22, 23), or aircraft.
    [0005]
    5. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shelves (5) are placed on the floor of at least one container (1) and/or the shelves are connected to at least one container (1) via a damping means (32).
    [0006]
    6. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchange means (7, 8) are arranged at least in part on a wall behind the associated shelf (5) and, wherein the shelves (5) do not comprise a front door or comprise a front door that is open for fluid flow, so as to allow air to flow through without substantial resistance to flow.
    [0007]
    7. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each of the shelves (5) comprises a reticle port, with the exchange means of heat (7, 8) are arranged at least in part on the grid door (9) of the associated shelf (5) and, wherein the shelves (5) do not comprise a front door or comprise a front door which is open for flow of the fluid, so as to allow air to flow through without substantial resistance to the flow.
    [0008]
    8. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shelves (5) have a power density of 20 kW or more each and, in which the heat exchange means (7, 8) of the shelves (5) are dimensioned and capable of transferring all the heat generated by the IT equipment (6) to the refrigerant, at least in the mean time.
    [0009]
    9. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the refrigerant is transported within at least a part of the refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17 18) at a pressure lower than 200kPa, preferably less than atmospheric pressure.
    [0010]
    10. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least a part of the refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18) comprises at least one safety barrier (26) designed and arranged in such a way as to prevent any liquid, in particular any leaking liquid and/or any condensing liquid, from coming into contact with the IT equipment (6) and/or in that at least a part of the refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18) comprises at least one sensor means (27, 31) for detecting and/or monitoring the pressure in the refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18) .
    [0011]
    11. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one external heat exchanger device (14, 15, 16) comprises a cooling device (14, 15) which is preferably designed as a water cooler device (14, 15) and/or a hybrid refrigerant device.
    [0012]
    12. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the at least one refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18 ) and/or at least a part of an additional means for conducting the coolant are designed as flexible means, and/or comprise steel, stainless steel and/or synthetic organic polymer materials.
    [0013]
    13. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some or all of the shelves (5) comprise at least one control means (28, 30), preferably at least one switching control means (30) which is adapted to selectively turn off the hardware (6), the shelf (5) and/or the relevant part of the refrigerant conduit (10, 11) and/ or at least one monitoring control means (28) comprising at least one leak detector (27, 31) for the refrigeration circuit (10, 11, 17, 18) and/or at least one smoke detector (29 ).
    [0014]
    14. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one regulation control means (28), which regulates the functionality of the exchange means of heat (7, 8) and/or of the at least one external heat exchange device (14, 15, 16) and/or at least parts of at least one refrigerant conduit (10, 11, 17, 18).
    [0015]
    15. Mobile data center unit (2, 3, 4) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one container (1) has no cold aisles or hot aisles.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EA201400186A1|2014-05-30|
    ZA201400615B|2015-05-27|
    CO6980630A2|2014-06-27|
    HUE043046T2|2019-07-29|
    EP2740338A1|2014-06-11|
    US20140209272A1|2014-07-31|
    MX2014001401A|2014-09-25|
    WO2013017358A1|2013-02-07|
    EA026737B1|2017-05-31|
    DK2740338T3|2019-05-06|
    US9763365B2|2017-09-12|
    TR201906140T4|2019-05-21|
    CN103718663A|2014-04-09|
    PL2740338T3|2019-09-30|
    BR112014002469A2|2017-02-21|
    HRP20190704T1|2019-07-12|
    ES2724526T3|2019-09-11|
    CN103718663B|2018-05-15|
    EP2555605A1|2013-02-06|
    EP2740338B1|2019-02-13|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-09-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/07/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11006326.0|2011-08-01|
    EP11006326A|EP2555605A1|2011-08-01|2011-08-01|Mobile data centre unit with efficient cooling means|
    PCT/EP2012/062924|WO2013017358A1|2011-08-01|2012-07-03|Mobile data centre unit with efficient cooling means|
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